Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) Program or Traditional Government Payment Programs: What Factors Matter?

Rankings of different risk management portfolios including Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE), traditional government payment programs, crop insurance and hedging in futures; and optimal choices of insurance coverage levels and hedge ratios are evaluated for a representative central Indiana corn farm, using Monte Carlo simulation and optimization of expected utilities. The changes of preference between ACRE and traditional government programs under comprehensive scenarios of price and yield risks are studied. Also, Interactions between ACRE and other risk management instruments are examined, and government costs and risk management efficiencies between ACRE and traditional government programs are compared. The results show a strong preference of ACRE for the representative central Indiana corn farm in 2009, due to high ACRE guarantee price and expected drop in corn price from 2008 level. Even if the farm faces weak dependence between farm and aggregate yield, the risk could not offset the addition value ACRE could provide for this year. Also, it is found that there are synergistic effects between ACRE and two individual crop insurance plans but antagonistic effects between ACRE and group insurance plans. ACRE is more efficient than traditional government programs in terms of expected program costs.ACRE, Farm Bill, crop insurance, willingness to pay, government expenditure, government programs, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Risk and Uncertainty,

Optimization of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the identification of two polar coccoid green algae species

Standard FISH protocols using fluorochrome-labeled oligonucleotide probes have been successfully applied for in situ detection. However, optimized protocols of FISH for specific eukaryotes in marine environments are often not developed. This study optimized the conditions of fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) by using two polar isolated microalgae. The modified conditions were as follows: (1)10mg·mL-1 lysozyme solution pretreatment at 37°C for 30 min; (2)the hybridization buffer including 20% formamide; (3)the hybridization condition was 47°C for 6h. The cells enumerated by FISH were compared with those enumerated by flow cytometry(FCM) and DAPI to confirm the cell loss and hybridization efficiency. The optimized protocol was also successfully applied to Arctic Ocean samples, which were found to be dominated by Micromonas sp. The modified protocol showed a high relative efficiency and could be successfully applied for the detection of specific microbial eukaryotes in environmental samples

Lineage-Specific Restraint of Pituitary Gonadotroph Cell Adenoma Growth

Although pituitary adenomas are usually benign, unique trophic mechanisms restraining cell proliferation are unclear. As GH-secreting adenomas are associated with p53/p21-dependent senescence, we tested mechanisms constraining non-functioning pituitary adenoma growth. Thirty six gonadotroph-derived non-functioning pituitary adenomas all exhibited DNA damage, but undetectable p21 expression. However, these adenomas all expressed p16, and >90% abundantly expressed cytoplasmic clusterin associated with induction of the Cdk inhibitor p15 in 70% of gonadotroph and in 26% of somatotroph lineage adenomas (p = 0.006). Murine LβT2 and αT3 gonadotroph pituitary cells, and αGSU.PTTG transgenic mice with targeted gonadotroph cell adenomas also abundantly expressed clusterin and exhibited features of oncogene-induced senescence as evidenced by C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ induction. In turn, C/EBPs activated the clusterin promoter ∼5 fold, and elevated clusterin subsequently elicited p15 and p16 expression, acting to arrest murine gonadotroph cell proliferation. In contrast, specific clusterin suppression by RNAis enhanced gonadotroph proliferation. FOXL2, a tissue-specific gonadotroph lineage factor, also induced the clusterin promoter ∼3 fold in αT3 pituitary cells. As nine of 12 pituitary carcinomas were devoid of clusterin expression, this protein may limit proliferation of benign adenomatous pituitary cells. These results point to lineage-specific pathways restricting uncontrolled murine and human pituitary gonadotroph adenoma cell growth

Essays on farm yield risks and risk management decisions

This thesis is composed of an essay on risks of farm yields in Indiana and an essay on impacts of new government commodity programs on farmers’ risk management decisions. The first essay describes farm yield database collected from multiple Actual Production History (APH) records and distributions of farm yield variabilities in nine Crop Reporting Districts (CRD) in Indiana. Regressions indicate that for all representative counties farms with higher average yield have significantly lower yield variabilities. For some counties, farms with both higher average yield and larger size tend to have lower yield risks. In the second essay, an expected utility maximization simulation model is built to make risk management portfolios decisions including government commodity programs, crop insurance, and hedging in futures. Discussions are focused on the impacts of price and yield risks on farmers’ decisions of enrolling in the Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) program and influences of ACRE on other risk management programs. The study suggests the optimal risk management strategy for a representative central Indiana corn farm in 2010 is Crop Revenue Coverage (CRC) with highest coverage level plus ACRE and 28 percent hedging ratios. The choice of CRC combined with ACRE is always the optimal strategy in 2010, even if the farm has higher yield risk, and low correlations of county-farm and state-farm yield correlations. On the other hand, future price movement is more influential to welfare gains from ACRE, as a $0.34/bu increase in corn price will equalize the values of ACRE and traditional government programs. The research also suggests that farms with higher yield variability should be cautious of ACRE enrollment as the double trigger payment mechanism in ACRE will decrease the income protection of the program to. Studies of policy interactions show that ACRE is more valuable when used together in individual insurance and less valuable with group insurance. Furthermore, the expected government costs of ACRE are lower than those of traditional government programs when the parameters are set for farmers to receive the same welfare gains, which implies that ACRE is a more efficient program for the government to provide

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El presente trabajo de fin de gradotiene por objeto la definición de los cálculos, estudios y obras necesarias para la construcción de las instalaciones requeridas para una granja de minería de cryptomonedas. La nave industrial estará situadaen Torre-Pacheco, municipio de Murcia, en el polígono industrial Roldan.El edificio es una nave industriala dos aguas con una inclinaciónde 11,3 grados, tiene una luz de 20 metros y una longitud de 50 metros. La altura rasante es de 7 metros y máxima hasta cumbrera de 9 metros. Tanto el cerramiento de la cubierta y los laterales serán del tipo panel sándwich. En uno de los pórticos hastiales y contiguo, se ha reservadoun espacio de 5x20 metros paraalmacén de repuestos y con el fin de aprovechar este espacio, también se dispondrá una entreplanta a 4 metros de altura destinados para área de trabajos para personares demantenimiento.Debido a la actividad que se destina esta nave se ha diseñado una viga donde soportará el peso del climatizador evaporativoy en la fachada dispondrá de ventiladores axiales para evitar la sobrepresión ejercida por el climatizadorOraingogradu-amaieralanahelburu du kalkuluetako, ikerketentzat eta beharrezko lanentzat instalazio eskatuen eraikuntzarentzat cryptomonedasen meatzaritzaren granja batentzatdefinizioa helburu du. Industria-nabea Torre-pachecon kokatuta egon izango da, Murtziaren udalerria, industrialde Roldanen.Eraikina,industria-nabe bat da bi uretara 11,3 gradutako inklinazio batekin, du 20m-ren argi bat eta 50m-ren longitude bat. Aldapa altuera 7m da eta maximoa 9m-ren gailurreraino. Honenbeste kubiertaren itxitura eta aldeak panel motakoa izango dira sandwicha.Arkupe piñoien eta aldamenekoa batean, 5x20m-ren espazio bat gorde da ordezko piezen biltegiarentzat eta espazio hau aprobetxatzeko bukaerarekin, ere solairuarte bat jarriko die lau metroko altuera zuzenduri lanetako arearentzat mantentzetik agertu.Nabe hau zuzentzen duen jardueragatik evaporativo klimatizagailuaren pisua jasango duen eta fatxadan habe bat diseinatu du haizagailu axialetatik jarriko da gehiegizko presio erabilia klimatizagailuagatik saihestekoThe purpose of the present end-of-degree project is to define the calculations, studies and works necessary for the constructionof the facilities required for a cryptomoney mining farm. The industrial building will be located in Torre-Pacheco, municipality of Murcia, in the Roldan industrial estate.This industrialbuildingisgabled roofwith an inclination of 11.3 degrees, has a spanof 20 meters and a length of 50 meters. The vertical height is 7 meters and maximum up to 9 meters. Both the enclosure of the roof and the sides will be sandwich-typepanel.In one of the gable, a space of 5x20 meters itreservesfor storage, to take advantage of this space, a mezzanine with a height of 4 meters will build for maintenance personnelwork.Due to the activity ofthis industrial building, we have designeda beamto supporttheweight of the evaporative air conditioner and on the two side of the buildingwill have axial fans to avoid the overpressure exerted by the air conditioner

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El presente trabajo de fin de gradotiene por objeto la definición de los cálculos, estudios y obras necesarias para la construcción de las instalaciones requeridas para una granja de minería de cryptomonedas. La nave industrial estará situadaen Torre-Pacheco, municipio de Murcia, en el polígono industrial Roldan.El edificio es una nave industriala dos aguas con una inclinaciónde 11,3 grados, tiene una luz de 20 metros y una longitud de 50 metros. La altura rasante es de 7 metros y máxima hasta cumbrera de 9 metros. Tanto el cerramiento de la cubierta y los laterales serán del tipo panel sándwich. En uno de los pórticos hastiales y contiguo, se ha reservadoun espacio de 5x20 metros paraalmacén de repuestos y con el fin de aprovechar este espacio, también se dispondrá una entreplanta a 4 metros de altura destinados para área de trabajos para personares demantenimiento.Debido a la actividad que se destina esta nave se ha diseñado una viga donde soportará el peso del climatizador evaporativoy en la fachada dispondrá de ventiladores axiales para evitar la sobrepresión ejercida por el climatizadorOraingogradu-amaieralanahelburu du kalkuluetako, ikerketentzat eta beharrezko lanentzat instalazio eskatuen eraikuntzarentzat cryptomonedasen meatzaritzaren granja batentzatdefinizioa helburu du. Industria-nabea Torre-pachecon kokatuta egon izango da, Murtziaren udalerria, industrialde Roldanen.Eraikina,industria-nabe bat da bi uretara 11,3 gradutako inklinazio batekin, du 20m-ren argi bat eta 50m-ren longitude bat. Aldapa altuera 7m da eta maximoa 9m-ren gailurreraino. Honenbeste kubiertaren itxitura eta aldeak panel motakoa izango dira sandwicha.Arkupe piñoien eta aldamenekoa batean, 5x20m-ren espazio bat gorde da ordezko piezen biltegiarentzat eta espazio hau aprobetxatzeko bukaerarekin, ere solairuarte bat jarriko die lau metroko altuera zuzenduri lanetako arearentzat mantentzetik agertu.Nabe hau zuzentzen duen jardueragatik evaporativo klimatizagailuaren pisua jasango duen eta fatxadan habe bat diseinatu du haizagailu axialetatik jarriko da gehiegizko presio erabilia klimatizagailuagatik saihestekoThe purpose of the present end-of-degree project is to define the calculations, studies and works necessary for the constructionof the facilities required for a cryptomoney mining farm. The industrial building will be located in Torre-Pacheco, municipality of Murcia, in the Roldan industrial estate.This industrialbuildingisgabled roofwith an inclination of 11.3 degrees, has a spanof 20 meters and a length of 50 meters. The vertical height is 7 meters and maximum up to 9 meters. Both the enclosure of the roof and the sides will be sandwich-typepanel.In one of the gable, a space of 5x20 meters itreservesfor storage, to take advantage of this space, a mezzanine with a height of 4 meters will build for maintenance personnelwork.Due to the activity ofthis industrial building, we have designeda beamto supporttheweight of the evaporative air conditioner and on the two side of the buildingwill have axial fans to avoid the overpressure exerted by the air conditioner

Research status and prospect of vacuum degree detection methods for vacuum circuit breaker

Research status of vacuum degree detection methods for vacuum circuit breaker was introduced including off-line detection methods such as observation method, power frequency withstand voltage method, pulsed magnetron discharge method and shield potential method, and on-line detection methods such as coupling capacitance method, partial discharge method, rotary electric field probe method, X ray method and built-in sensor method. Though analyzing detection principle, characteristics and application of each method, it indicated that pulsed magnetron discharge method and power frequency withstand voltage method in off-line detection methods were the most widely applied because of low cost, simple detection and good repeatability, but regular stopping to check vacuum degree became the most important factor to restrict development of the off-line detection methods, and on-line detection methods could detect vacuum degree in real time and find deterioration of vacuum degree, but the methods were not widely applied because of low accuracy, high cost and poor anti-interference and stability. Development trends of vacuum degree detection method for vacuum circuit breaker were proposed, which were improving accuracy of on-line vacuum degree detection method and integrating multiple vacuum degree detection methods